虛擬語氣的用法如何歸納

虛擬語氣主要用來表示假設，而非客觀存在的事實，所陳述的是一個條件，不一定是事實，甚至完全與事實相反。虛擬語氣是由句中的謂語動詞的特殊形式表示出來的。

操作方式

01
一、虛擬前提句的根基類型

(1) 與此刻事實相反：若與此刻事實相反，前提從句的謂語用曩昔式(be凡是用were)，本家兒句謂語用“should (would, could, might)+動詞真相”。如：

If we left now, we should arrive in good time. 假如我們此刻就走的話，我們就會實時達到。

(2) 與曩昔事實相反：若與曩昔事實相反，前提從句的謂語用曩昔完當作時(had+曩昔分詞)，本家兒句謂語用“should (would, could, might)+have+曩昔分詞”。如：

If he had been in that train then, he might have been killed in that accident. 若是那時他也在那列火車上，他可能就死于那場車禍了。

(3) 與未來事實相反：若與未來事實相反，前提從句的謂語用曩昔式(be凡是用were)，本家兒句謂語用“should (would, could, might)+動詞真相”。如：

If he went，would you go too? 若是他去，你也去嗎？(大要他不會去)

If I asked him，I'm sure he'd help us. 若是我標的目的他提出要求，必定他會幫忙我們。(不外我不籌算這樣做)
02
二、錯綜時候虛擬前提句

所謂錯綜時候虛擬前提句即前提從句與本家兒句所指時候紛歧致，如從句指曩昔，而本家兒句即指的是此刻或未來，此時應按照具體的語境環境，連系上面提到的三種根基類型對時態作響應的調整。如：

If you'd listened to me, you wouldn't be in such trouble now. 若是你聽了我的話，你此刻也不會有這樣的麻煩了。

If you were in better health, we'd have let you go with us. 你如果身體好一點，我們就讓你和我們一道去了。
03
三、含蓄虛擬前提句

所謂含蓄虛擬前提句即指將前提從句埋沒在上下文必然的短語中的一類前提句。如：

Anybody else would have believed you. 任何別人城市相信你的話了。

Without your help, I couldn't have achieved all this. 要不是有你幫忙，我不會取得這些當作就。

I would have written before, but I have been ill. 我本想給你寫信的，但我生病了。
04
四、if it weren't (wasn't) for與if it hadn't been for

這是兩個很常用的虛擬語氣句型，其意為“若不是(有)”“要不是有”，與but for, without同義。如：

If it wasn't (weren't) for the children, we wouldn't have anything to talk about. 要不是因為孩子們，我們不會有什么可談的。

If it hadn't been for the rain, we would have had a good harvest. 要不是有雨，我們本會獲得一個大豐收的。

If it hadn't been for the doctor's care, I wouldn't have recovered so soon. 要不是大夫的賜顧幫襯，我不會痊愈得這么快。

注：一般說來，if it weren’t (wasn't) for 用于談論此刻的環境，而if it hadn’t been for 用于談論曩昔的環境。但現實上if it weren’t (wasn’t) for有時也可用于談論曩昔的環境。
05
五、利用虛擬語氣的特別句式

(1) I wish…句式：要暗示與此刻事實相反的愿望，從句謂語一般曩昔時或曩昔進行時，暗示與曩昔相反的愿望，從句謂語用曩昔完當作時或would / could+have +曩昔分詞，暗示未來沒有把握或不太可能實現的愿望，用would (could)＋動詞真相。如：

I wish I was ten years younger. 我但愿年青10歲。

I wish I could speak your language. 但愿我能講你們國度的話。

I wish I hadn't wasted so much money. 但愿我沒華侈這么多錢。

(2) if only…句式：if only 與 I wish一樣，也是暗示與事實相反的愿望的，厥后所虛擬語氣的時態與 wish后所接時態的環境不異。如：

If only Tessa was here now. 如果特薩此刻在這兒就好了。

If only l knew the answer to your question. 我但愿知道你的問題的謎底。

(3) as if / as though…句式：以as if (as though)指導的體例狀語從句或表語從句，有時用虛擬語氣，若暗示與此刻事實相反，謂語動詞用一般曩昔時；若暗示與曩昔事實相反，用曩昔完當作時；暗示未來的可能性不大，用would (might, could)+動詞真相。如：

I felt as if I was swimming. 我感覺仿佛在泅水似的。

At that time she acted as if I were her servant. 那時她的舉止仿佛我是她的家丁。

(4) it's time…句式：從句謂語凡是用曩昔式暗示此刻或未來，有時也用曩昔進行時或“should+動詞真相”(較少見，且should不克不及省略)，其意為“(早)該干某事了”。如：

It's time you washed those trousers. 你該洗洗那條褲子了。

I'm getting tired. It's time we went home. 我累了，我們該回家了。

注：time前有時有about和high潤色：

It's high time we left. 我們早該解纜了。

(5) would rather…句式：凡是用一般曩昔時暗示此刻或未來的愿望，用曩昔完當作時表曩昔的愿望。如：

I would rather you came tomorrow. 我甘愿你明天來。

I would rather you didn’t mention the price. 我甘愿你別提代價。
06
六、利用虛擬語氣的賓語從句

在暗示“對峙”“號令”“建議”“要求”等后的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣。這些動詞本家兒要包羅insist, order, command, advise, suggest, propose, demand, require, request, ask等，其虛擬語氣格局為“should+動詞真相”，此中的should在美國英語中可以省略。如：

The doctor advised that he change his job. 大夫勸他換工作。

The detective insisted that he should have a look. 警探對峙要查看。

The seller demanded that payment should be made within five days. 賣方要求5日內付條目。

Her uncle suggested that she (should) get a job in a bank. 她叔叔建議她在銀行里找個工作。

注重：insist后接賓語從句時，有時用虛擬語氣，有時用陳述語氣，其區別是：若謂語動詞所暗示的動作尚未發生，或尚未當作為事實，則用虛擬語氣；若謂語動詞所暗示的動作已經發生，或已經當作為事實，則要用陳述語氣。比力：

She insisted that I (should) stay for supper. 她必然要我留下吃晚飯。

He still insisted that he wasn’t there at the time. 他仍然對峙說他那時不在那兒。

與insist相似，suggest后接賓語從句時，也可用虛擬語氣或陳述語氣，其區別是：若謂語動詞所暗示的環境尚未當作為事實，則用虛擬語氣，此時suggest凡是譯為“建議”；若謂語動詞所暗示的環境為既當作事實，則要用陳述語氣，此時的suggest凡是譯為“表白”“認為”。比力：

He suggested that we (should) come another day. 他建議們改日再來。

His smile suggested that he was satisfied. 他的微笑表白他是對勁的。
07
七、利用虛擬語氣的本家兒語從句

形容詞important, impossible, necessary等后的本家兒語從句凡是用虛擬語氣。如：

It's impossible that he (should) marry her. 他同她成婚是不成能的。

It's important that he (should) remember this. 他記住這一點很有需要。

注：在It is amazing (strange, surprising, astonishing, a pity, a shame)以及 I am surprised (sorry) 和I regret等布局后的that 從句中有時也用should，暗示措辭人的驚奇、懊悔、掉望等感情，常含有“竟然”之意。如：

It's strange that he should come so late. 他竟然來這么遲真是奇異。

這類句子若用陳述語氣，則不帶感色彩，比力下面兩句：

I'm surprised that he should feel lonely. 我很驚奇他竟感應孤傲。

She was surprised that I knew all about it. 這事我全知道她感應詫異。
End

發表于 2019-12-02 00:00
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分類：科學教育

虛擬語氣的用法如何歸納

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