虛擬語氣的用法 - IIIFF互動問答平臺

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虛擬語氣的用法

一、前提句中的虛擬語氣

01
1. 前提句中虛擬語氣的形式
從句中提出一種與客不雅實際不相符或底子不成能存在的前提，本家兒句會發生的一種不成能獲得的成果。前提句中的虛擬語氣按照分歧的時候有三種分歧的形式。
02
2. 前提句中的虛擬語氣的舉例
(1) 未來時的前提句中的虛擬語氣。如：
If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time. 若是他要上清華大學的話，他就會充實操縱他的時候了。

If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. 若是他要來的話，他會通知我們一聲。
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(2) 此刻時的前提句中的虛擬語氣。如：
If he were free, he would help us. 如果他有空的話，它會幫忙我們的。
If he studied at this school, he would know you well. 若是他在這所黌舍進修的話，它會對您很熟悉。

(3) 曩昔時的前提句中的虛擬語氣。如：
If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. 我若是看過這場片子，我會把片子內容告訴您了。
If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 若是我早點到那兒，我就會會到了李師長教師。
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3. 運用前提句中的虛擬語氣時，須注重的幾個問題

(1) 當從句的本家兒語為第三人稱單數時，謂語動詞若是系動詞be時，可用 was 取代 were。但在倒裝虛擬布局及 if I were you, as it were 中，只能用 were。如：
Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad. 如果我還年青十歲的話，我會去國外進修。
If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance. 如果我是您的話，我要極力抓住此次機遇。
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(2) 有時，虛擬前提句中，本家兒、從句的動作若不是同時發生時，須區別看待。
①從句的動作與曩昔事實相反，而本家兒句的動作與此刻或此刻正在發生的事實不符。如：
If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 若是我在黌舍進修吃苦的話，我此刻也會使工程師了
If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 若是他們通知過我們的話，我們此刻就不會來這里了。

②從句的動作與此刻事實相反，而本家兒句的動作與曩昔事實不符。如：
If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 若是他今天有空的話，我們會已經派他去海說神聊京了。
If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 如果他熟悉她的話，他必定會去問候她了。

③從句的動作與曩昔發生的環境相反，而本家兒句的動作與此刻正在發生的環境相反。如：
If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 若是天不下太多的雨的話，農戶會長得更好。
If he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now. 如果他工作一向盡力的話，他此刻已進了辦公室了。
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(3) 當虛擬前提句的謂語動詞含有 were, should, had 時，if 可省略，而將 were, should, had等詞置于句首。如：
Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 如果他承諾去的話，我們就派他去。
Were she here, she would agree with us. 若是她在這兒的話，她會贊成我們的。
Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 若是她懂一些電腦常識的話，我們會已經聘用他來這里工作了
07
(4) 有時，句子沒有直接給出假設環境的前提，而須經由過程上下文或其他體例來判定。如：
I would have come to see you, but I was too busy. 我本該來看您了，然而我太忙了。
But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的幫忙，我們還會在工作呢。
Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 如果沒有您的指導，我不會取得如斯大的前進。
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(5) 有時，虛擬前提句中，本家兒、從句可以省略此中的一個，來暗示措辭人的一種強烈的豪情。
①省略從句
He would have finished it. 他本該完當作了。
You could have passed this exam. 您應該會經由過程此次測驗了。

②省略本家兒句
If I were at home now. 如果我此刻在家里該多好啊。
If only I had got it. 如果我獲得它了該多好啊。
End

二、其他狀語從句的虛擬語氣

01
1. 目標狀語從句中的虛擬語氣
(1) 在 for fear that, in case, lest 指導的目標狀語從句中，若用虛擬語氣時，從句謂語為： should + 動詞真相。而且 should 不克不及省略
She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 她又把門查抄了一遍，以防響馬的進入。

He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他很早就出發了以防遲到。
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(2) 在 so that, in order that 所指導的目標狀語從句中，從句中的謂語為：can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 動詞真相。如(from www.yygrammar.com)：
He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近措辭的人以便能挺得更清晰。

He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信讀得很細心以便不漏失落一個單詞。
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2. 讓步狀語從句中的虛擬語氣
(1) 在 even if, even though 所指導的讓步狀語從句中，可用虛擬語氣，本家兒句、從句的布局與 if 所指導的前提從句布局不異。如：
Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即使他親自來也不知該怎么辦。

Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 即使華佗活著也救不了他。
04
(2) 在whatever, whichever, whenever, whoever, wherever, however, no matter wh-word 等指導的讓步狀語從句中，從句虛擬語氣布局為：
① may +動詞真相(指此刻或未來)。如：
We will finish it on time no matter what / whatever may happen. 不管發生什么事，我們都要按時完當作。

We will find him wherever / no matter where he may be. 無論他在哪里，我們都要找到他。

I will wait for him no matter how late he may come. 不管他來的何等晚，我城市等他。

② may +完當作式(指曩昔) ，本家兒句布局不限。如：
You mustn’t be proud whatever / no matter what great progress you may have made. 不管您取得了何等大的前進，您也不克不及驕傲(from www.yygrammar.com)。

We must respect him no matter what / whatever mistakes he may have made. 不管他翻過什么錯誤，我們必需尊敬他。
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(3) 在though, although等指導的讓步狀語從句中，從句虛擬語氣布局為 should +動詞真相，本家兒句布局不限。如：
Although / Though he should often be late, he is a good student. 盡管他經常遲到，他仍是個勤學生。

Although / Though he should be secretary, he must obey the rules. 盡管他是書記，他也必需遵守劃定。
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3. 體例狀語從句中的虛擬語氣
as if, as though 指導的體例狀語從句常用虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣的布局為下圖所示。
例如：
They began to talk warmly as if they had known each other for long. 他們起頭強烈熱鬧的談論起來就仿佛他們已彼此熟悉好久了。
He coughed twice as if someone should come. 他咳嗽兩聲就仿佛有人要來了。
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4. 原因狀語從句中的虛擬語氣
amazed, angry, annoyed, astonished, disappointed, frightened, happy, pleased, proud, sorry, surprised, upset 等后面的狀語從句中常用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的布局為：
① should + 真相動詞(指此刻或未來)。如：
He was angry that you should call him by name. 他很生氣，您竟然對他直呼其名。

I was astonished that he should not answer such an easy question. 我很驚奇他竟答不出如斯簡單的問題。
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② should + 完當作式, 指曩昔。如：
I’m very sorry that you should have failed the exam. 我很遺憾，您此次測驗竟然掉敗了。

I was very surprised that Father should have known what I did yesterday. 我很受驚，父親竟指導我昨天所作的工作
End

發表于 2019-12-14 00:00
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分類：科學教育

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